Showing posts with label Founders. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Founders. Show all posts

Fate of the Signers


The Signers of the Declaration of Independence

Have you ever wondered what happened to the 56 men who signed the Declaration of Independence?
  • Five signers were captured by the British as traitors, and tortured before they died.
  • Twelve had their homes ransacked and burned.
  • Two lost their sons serving in the Revolutionary Army; another had two sons captured.
  • Nine of the 56 fought and died from wounds or hardships of the Revolutionary War.
  • They signed and they pledged their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor.
What kind of men were they?

Twenty-four were lawyers and jurists. Eleven were merchants, nine were farmers and large plantation owners; men of means, well educated, but they signed the Declaration of Independence knowing full well that the penalty would be death if they were captured.

Carter Braxton of Virginia, a wealthy planter and trader, saw his ships swept from the seas by the British Navy. He sold his home and properties to pay his debts, and died in rags.

Thomas McKeam was so hounded by the British that he was forced to move his family almost constantly.. He served in the Congress without pay, and his family was kept in hiding. His possessions were taken from him, and poverty was his reward.

Vandals or soldiers looted the properties of Dillery, Hall, Clymer, Walton, Gwinnett, Heyward, Ruttledge, and Middleton.

At the battle of Yorktown, Thomas Nelson, Jr., noted that the British General Cornwallis had taken over the Nelson home for his headquarters. He quietly urged General George Washington to open fire. The home was destroyed, and Nelson died bankrupt.

Francis Lewis had his home and properties destroyed. The enemy jailed his wife, and she died within a few months.

John Hart was driven from his wife's bedside as she was dying. Their 13 children fled for their lives. His fields and his gristmill were laid to waste. For more than a year he lived in forests and caves, returning home to find his wife dead and his children vanished.

So, take a few minutes while enjoying your 4th of July holiday and silently thank these patriots. It's not much to ask for the price they paid.

Remember: freedom is never free!
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28 Principles of Freedom

  1. The only reliable basis for sound government and just human relations is Natural Law.
  2. A free people cannot survive under a republican constitution unless they remain virtuous and morally strong.
  3. The most promising method of securing a virtuous and morally stable people is to elect virtuous leaders.
  4. Without religion the government of a free people cannot be maintained.
  5. All things were created by God, therefore upon Him all mankind are equally dependent, and to Him they are equally responsible.
  6. All men are created equal.
  7. The proper role of government is to protect equal rights, not provide equal things.
  8. Men are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights.
  9. To protect man's rights, God has revealed certain principles of divine law.
  10. The God-given right to govern is vested in the sovereign authority of the whole people.
  11. The majority of the people may alter or abolish a government which has become tyrannical.
  12. The United States of America shall be a republic.
  13. A constitution should be structured to permanently protect the people from the human frailties of their rulers.
  14. Life and liberty are secure only so long as the right of property is secure.
  15. The highest level of prosperity occurs when there is a free-market economy and a minimum of government regulations.
  16. The government should be separated into three branches - legislative, executive, and judicial.
  17. A system of checks and balances should be adopted to prevent the abuse of power.
  18. The unalienable rights of the people are most likely to be preserved if the principles of government are set forth in a written constitution.
  19. Only limited and carefully defined powers should be delegated to government, all others being retained in the people.
  20. Efficiency and dispatch require government to operate according to the will of the majority, but constitutional provisions must be made to protect the rights of the minority.
  21. Strong local self-government is the keystone to preserving human freedom.
  22. A free people should be governed by law and not by the whims of men.
  23. A free society cannot survive as a republic without a broad program of general education.
  24. A free people will not survive unless they stay strong.
  25. "Peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations - entangling alliances with none."
  26. The core unit which determines the strength of any society is the family; therefore, the government should foster and protect its integrity.
  27. The burden of debt is as destructive to freedom as subjugation by conquest.
  28. The United States has a manifest destiny to be an example and a blessing to the entire human race.
Source: Over 150 volumes of the Founding Fathers original writings, minutes, letters, biographies, etc. distilled in The Five Thousand Year Leap, by W. Cleon Skousen, Published by The National Center for Constitutional Studies, 1981.

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The Founding Fathers On Redistribution

“To take from one, because it is thought his own industry and that of his fathers has acquired too much, in order to spare to others, who, or whose fathers, have not exercised equal industry and skill, is to violate arbitrarily the first principle of association, the guarantee to everyone the free exercise of his industry and the fruits acquired by it.” — Thomas Jefferson, letter to Joseph Milligan, April 6, 1816

“A wise and frugal government… shall restrain men from injuring one another, shall leave them otherwise free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned. This is the sum of good government.” — Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1801

“Congress has not unlimited powers to provide for the general welfare, but only those specifically enumerated.” — Thomas Jefferson

“The moment the idea is admitted into society that property is not as sacred as the laws of God, and that there is not a force of law and public justice to protect it, anarchy and tyranny commence. If ‘Thou shalt not covet’ and ‘Thou shalt not steal’ were not commandments of Heaven, they must be made inviolable precepts in every society before it can be civilized or made free.” — John Adams, A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, 1787

“With respect to the two words ‘general welfare,’ I have always regarded them as qualified by the detail of powers connected with them. To take them in a literal and unlimited sense would be a metamorphosis of the Constitution into a character which there is a host of proofs was not contemplated by its creators.” — James Madison in a letter to James Robertson

In 1794, when Congress appropriated $15,000 for relief of French refugees who fled from insurrection in San Domingo to Baltimore and Philadelphia, James Madison stood on the floor of the House to object saying:
“I cannot undertake to lay my finger on that article of the Constitution which granted a right to Congress of expending, on objects of benevolence, the money of their constituents.” — James Madison, 4 Annals of Congress 179, 1794
“[T]he government of the United States is a definite government, confined to specified objects. It is not like the state governments, whose powers are more general. Charity is no part of the legislative duty of the government.” — James Madison

“The Constitution only gives people the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch it yourself.” — Benjamin Franklin

Source: Sweetness & Light: The Founding Fathers On Redistribution
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